The right to self-defense is as ancient as civilization itself—a principle not invented by governments but merely recognized by them. It is a truth older than constitutions, deeper than statutes, and higher than any court. It belongs not to any nation or culture but to all people everywhere. The ancient Greeks called it nomos physei—law by nature. The Romans enshrined it as leges naturales—laws written into the fabric of human reason. And across centuries, from tribal customs to modern jurisprudence, the same principle has echoed unchanged: the right to meet force with force when preserving life demands it.
But this right has never been limitless.
Self-defense is not a blank check to escalate violence. It is not a license to kill simply because one feels threatened or disrespected. Nor is it a retroactive justification for reckless behavior that one later regrets. Properly understood, the right to self-defense is bounded by discipline, measured by restraint, and governed by necessity. It exists for the preservation of life—not the validation of ego or the settling of scores.
Violence, after all, carries a profound moral test—a crucible that reveals a man’s character when power is at its most raw and unregulated. True self-defense is not rooted in bravado. It is rooted in reluctance. It is an act of last resort. It is responsive, not provocative. It rises only to meet the gravity of imminent harm—and it withdraws the very moment that harm is no longer present. The warrior does not revel in violence; he endures it. The protector does not seek conflict; he bears it.
And it is precisely this ancient test—this moral threshold—that now divides two very different cases before the American public.
In Frisco, Texas, a man named Karmelo Anthony stabbed and killed Austin Metcalf during what he claims was a confrontation born of self-defense. In New York City, Daniel Penny subdued Jordan Neely, a mentally unstable and aggressive man on a subway train, in an act that tragically resulted in Neely’s death. Both men claim they acted to defend themselves or others. Both cases resulted in a fatality. But that is where the similarity ends.
Daniel Penny’s actions unfolded in the confined, volatile environment of a moving subway car. Witnesses described Neely as erratic, threatening, and deeply unwell—a man shouting at passengers, menacing them with violent rhetoric, and creating a palpable fear for safety. Penny intervened—not with the intent to kill—but with the intent to subdue, to restrain, to prevent potential harm. His actions were visibly reluctant. His use of force ceased when the danger appeared to have passed. And perhaps most tellingly—his actions mirrored what countless ordinary citizens instinctively understood: that doing nothing in the face of an escalating threat would have been a moral failure of its own.
Karmelo Anthony’s case, by contrast, bears little of this reluctant restraint. Initial reports suggest an avoidable confrontation—an argument that spiraled—and a decision to introduce a knife into a situation that did not demand lethal escalation. While the investigation will determine the precise facts, the broader contours of the case raise troubling questions: Was Anthony under imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm? Did he exhaust all reasonable means to de-escalate or retreat? Or did he, like so many before him, mistake the right to self-defense for a crude pretext to settle personal grievance by force?
The answer matters—not just for the fate of these two men—but for the moral clarity of our society. The right to self-defense is one of the last sacred permissions granted to the individual by law and by nature. But if it is to remain respected—if it is to retain its legitimacy—then it must be guarded against distortion. It must be exercised with discipline. And it must be judged against the high bar of necessity.
Self-defense is not a banner to be waved in the aftermath of violence.
It is a burden to be carried in the moment of crisis—with humility, with caution, and with a solemn respect for the terrible power one holds over another’s life.
Because in the end, violence always tests the soul. It exposes the heart’s true posture, whether ruled by fear, pride, or a genuine will to protect. Daniel Penny passed that test—however tragic the outcome. The case against Karmelo Anthony raises the chilling specter of what happens when that test is failed.
Civilization depends on knowing the difference.
Frisco, Texas — Where Violence Should Never Have Come
On April 2, 2025, the city of Frisco, Texas—known more for youth sports tournaments than headlines of violence—became the latest battleground in America’s confusion over what self-defense truly means.
It did not happen in a back alley.
It did not happen in a darkened parking lot.
It did not happen in the dead of night, with life or death hanging in the balance.
It happened at a high school track meet—in broad daylight, in a public setting, with dozens of witnesses—a place that should have been governed by sportsmanship, civility, and the unspoken rules that hold any community event together.
Seventeen-year-old Austin Metcalf was not looking for a fight. He was not a criminal. He was not armed. He was not issuing threats of deadly harm. He was a student-athlete participating in a track meet for his school—an ordinary young man thrust into an extraordinary tragedy.
As reconstructed from eyewitness testimony and early investigative reports, the chain of events began with nothing more sinister than a request: Metcalf asked Karmelo Anthony to vacate a tent reserved for his school’s track team.
It was the kind of request heard at school events across America a thousand times daily.
But what followed was not ordinary.
What followed was not reasonable.
What followed was not the posture of a man fearing for his life.
What followed was aggression—calculated, escalating, and fatal.
Rather than de-escalating, rather than walking away, rather than treating the moment with the maturity one might expect at a family sporting event, Anthony allegedly chose violence. According to reports, he reached into his backpack. He retrieved a knife—a deadly weapon—not in response to an attack but as a deliberate choice to escalate a verbal dispute into a physical confrontation.
Let us be clear: this is not the framework of lawful self-defense.
Self-defense law in America has consistently recognized the difference between responding to force and provoking it. The legal standard is rooted in necessity, imminence, and proportionality.
Was there an immediate threat of death or serious bodily harm?
Were all reasonable avenues of retreat or de-escalation exhausted?
Was the level of force used proportional to the danger presented?
In this case—a public space, a verbal request, a teenage athlete standing unarmed—those conditions are conspicuously absent.
Metcalf was stabbed in the chest. He would later die from his wounds.
But the tragedy does not end there.
According to reports, Anthony’s behavior after the stabbing revealed something far more chilling than panic or remorse. Instead of fleeing in terror—the instinctive reaction of someone who acted reflexively in legitimate fear—Anthony reportedly lingered. He did not call for help. He did not express shock. Instead, witnesses claim he questioned aloud whether the act could be considered self-defense.
That is not the heart of a man who barely escaped death.
That is the calculation of a man attempting to retrofit his actions into a legal defense—after the fact.
That is the mask of aggression masquerading as self-defense.
And that is precisely why Anthony now faces a first-degree murder charge—a charge reserved not for tragic accidents, not for split-second reactions in genuine fear, but for acts born of intent, deliberation, and moral failing.
We must say what too many are now afraid to say in a culture increasingly confused about violence and justice: this was not self-defense. This was a provocation turned deadly. This was not the reluctant use of force to preserve life; it was the weaponization of self-defense as a legal strategy after the fact—an inversion of the very principle it claims to uphold.
True self-defense is marked by restraint.
True self-defense seeks escape over escalation.
True self-defense meets violence only when violence is imminent and unavoidable.
When we, as a society, begin to blur the lines between aggression and defense—when we excuse premeditated violence under the vague and cynical banner of “feeling threatened”—we erode the moral core of self-defense itself. We risk turning a sacred right into a hollow slogan. We risk inviting chaos.
The case of Karmelo Anthony must serve as a sobering reminder: the right to self-defense is not a license to kill over wounded pride, verbal disputes, or territorial squabbles at a high school track meet.
It is a burden—not a trophy.
It is a duty—not a loophole.
And when it is twisted into an excuse for murder, both the law and morality demand clear-eyed judgment.
Austin Metcalf deserved better.
Texas deserves better.
America must know the difference.
The Daniel Penny Case — Real Self-Defense in a Lawless World
If the case of Karmelo Anthony in Texas reveals what happens when aggression masquerades as defense, then the case of Daniel Penny in New York stands as a solemn testament to what self-defense truly looks like—when exercised with courage, restraint, and moral clarity, even in a world increasingly hostile to those virtues.
The setting could not have been more different—but the stakes were every bit as high.
On May 1, 2023, in the grim and volatile environment of the New York City subway system—a place many locals now describe with grim resignation as lawless, decaying, and dangerous—Daniel Penny, a 24-year-old Marine veteran, found himself thrust into a situation he neither sought nor welcomed.
He was not armed.
He was not posturing for violence.
He was not driven by anger or vendetta.
Like countless others, he was a citizen simply navigating one of the most unpredictable environments in modern America: a public subway car where the rule of law is often absent and personal responsibility becomes the last line of defense.
In that subway car was Jordan Neely—a man whose tragic life story has been widely documented but whose actions on that day cannot be sanitized by sympathy alone.
Neely was not merely homeless. He was not simply mentally ill. He was not simply shouting incoherent words into the void.
He was threatening passengers.
He was creating credible fear.
He was menacing strangers in a confined, inescapable space—where retreat was impossible.
This last point is critical in any legal analysis of self-defense.
Daniel Penny acted not out of malice, but out of duty. This duty arises when the social contract collapses, public safety fails, and ordinary men are forced into extraordinary decisions because doing nothing would be an abdication of responsibility.
This is the ancient core of self-defense: it is a reluctant, measured, and necessary response to imminent harm—not imagined harm, not hypothetical harm, but the harm unfolding in real time before one’s eyes.
Penny did not escalate with weapons. He used the tool he had—his body—to restrain a man who had demonstrated violent intent and who had the capacity to inflict harm on those around him.
The force Penny used was proportional. And crucially—it ceased when the threat ceased.
That is the measure of moral self-defense.
Tragically—yes, tragically—Jordan Neely lost consciousness during the restraint and later died. But tragedy does not equate to criminality in a society governed by reason and law. The law of self-defense recognizes that imperfect outcomes can result even from morally justified actions. The relevant question is not whether harm occurred, but whether that harm was necessary to prevent greater harm.
Daniel Penny’s actions were scrutinized for over a year. Prosecutors investigated. Media outlets speculated. Activists protested. But when the evidence was finally placed before a jury—that ancient bulwark of American justice—Daniel Penny was acquitted of all charges in December 2024.
They did not do so lightly.
They did not do so quickly.
They did so because the evidence was clear: Penny did not seek violence. He responded to it. Penny did not escalate. He restrained. Penny did not act recklessly. He acted with presence of mind—calm under pressure, measured in response, and faithful to the principle that force must be proportional.
This case matters far beyond the tragedy of one day in a subway car.
It matters because we live in a cultural moment allergic to responsibility, hostile to courage, and eager to criminalize those who step forward when others freeze in fear.
It matters because the right to self-defense—rooted in natural law, affirmed by centuries of jurisprudence—is under siege by those who would rather pretend evil does not exist than reckon with its reality.
And it matters because when citizens are told they must stand down in the face of danger—when they are told that their moral duty is to be passive victims while waiting for absent authorities to arrive—civilization begins to unravel.
The acquittal of Daniel Penny affirmed a truth that must never be forgotten: the right to self-defense cannot—and must not—be criminalized when exercised responsibly in the face of imminent danger.
It is a truth written in law and in the human heart.
It is a truth as old as the duty to protect the innocent.
It is a truth worth defending—especially in a lawless world.
The Moral and Legal Anatomy of Self-Defense
In an age dominated by digital outrage and tribal loyalties, clarity has become rare—and moral clarity even rarer. Nowhere is this more evident than in the debates surrounding acts of violence where claims of self-defense are raised and weaponized, often before the facts are known and long before they are understood.
Social media rewards speed—not accuracy.
It rewards narrative—not truth.
It rewards partisanship—not principle.
But self-defense—rightly understood—is not the property of political tribes. It is not a conservative doctrine, nor a progressive one. It is not racial, not regional, not a matter of social class or identity. It is a universal principle, grounded in the oldest traditions of natural law, tested by centuries of jurisprudence, and proven by the lived experience of every people, in every age, who have faced the threat of harm and dared to resist it.
And if we are to judge these moments fairly, justly, and with the integrity our civilization demands, we must return to the time-tested foundations upon which legitimate self-defense rests.
There are three. They are not suggestions. They are not optional. They are not flexible.
They are pillars.
1. Imminent Threat
This is the bedrock. Self-defense arises only when danger is not just possible, not just hypothetical, but immediate and unavoidable. The law does not protect preemptive revenge or emotional panic. It protects those who act because a delay would mean injury or death.
Anything less—and you are not defending. You are attacking.
2. Proportional Response
Self-defense is not carte blanche to do anything. Lethal force is permitted only to meet lethal danger. Escalating a situation beyond its immediate threat transforms a potential protector into an aggressor. This pillar is the great moral balance that separates those who stop harm from those who become its agent.
3. Reasonable Belief
The final safeguard: the belief that force is necessary must be one that an ordinary, rational person would share. Fear alone does not justify violence. That fear must be rooted in facts, in context, and in shared moral intuition. If it fails this test—if the threat is not evident to others—then the claim of self-defense crumbles into delusion or deceit.
Let’s now apply these pillars to both cases—with clarity, with sobriety, and without agenda.
Daniel Penny — The Reluctant Defender
Imminent Threat: Confirmed. Multiple eyewitnesses testified to Jordan Neely’s verbal threats, erratic behavior, and menacing posture. In the confined space of a subway car, with no exit and no time, the danger was real, credible, and immediate.
Proportional Response: Verified. Penny did not use a weapon. He did not strike Neely with deadly force. He applied a restraining technique that, tragically, resulted in death. But his goal was control—not harm—and the force ended when the danger did.
Reasonable Belief: Affirmed by the jury. Penny’s perception of threat was not unique or paranoid. It was shared by others in the subway car. And more importantly, it was affirmed by a jury representing the public conscience of justice.
Result: Acquittal—because justice still recognizes restraint, duty, and proportionality when they are present, even in moments of tragedy.
Karmelo Anthony — The Aggressor in Disguise
Imminent Threat: Absent. A verbal disagreement at a public school track meet does not constitute an immediate danger to life or limb. No weapons were brandished. No threats of death or violence were recorded from the victim. No cornered setting, no pursuit, no attack.
Proportional Response: Grossly violated. Anthony introduced a deadly weapon into a situation where none was present. The use of a knife to settle a verbal disagreement is not proportional—it is escalation. It is a complete inversion of the principle it attempts to invoke.
Reasonable Belief: Contradicted. Reports indicate that Anthony asked aloud after the fact whether his action “counted” as self-defense. That is not evidence of clarity. That is evidence of calculation. It is not rooted in fear; it is rooted in opportunism.
Result: First-degree murder charges, because the law cannot permit the sacred doctrine of self-defense to be hijacked as a retroactive rationalization for aggression.
The Stakes for Civilization
The line between a lawful society and a lawless one is not drawn with guns or legislation. It is drawn with moral judgment—mature, principled, consistent moral judgment.
When we abandon the three pillars—imminence, proportionality, and reasonableness—we do not merely weaken a legal doctrine. We invite barbarism. We invite tribal justice. We invite a world where every personal slight becomes a blood feud, and every act of violence is cloaked in post-hoc justification.
If, however, we guard those pillars—if we uphold the discipline of true self-defense—we preserve something older than the state, older than politics, older even than peace.
We preserve the belief that force, when used, must be a burden.
We preserve the belief that civilization is not the absence of violence—but the regulation of it by conscience and law.
We preserve the belief that even when danger comes, we are still responsible for how we meet it.
The Danger of Rushing to Judgment
And yet—every time a case like this emerges, the cycle of outrage resumes. The pattern is now familiar.
The facts are not known—but the hashtags are flying.
The evidence is not in—but the headlines are written.
The trial has not begun—but the mob has already chosen guilt or innocence based on race, region, or ideology.
This—more than any one verdict—may be the most dangerous force now threatening Western justice.
Because justice, properly understood, is not the indulgence of opinion. It is the restraint of opinion. It is a process designed not to satisfy your feelings but to verify the truth.
It demands facts.
It demands time.
It demands silence where noise now reigns.
Justice is not what Twitter declares it to be. It is not decided by trending topics. It is not measured by the volume of protest. It is a solemn covenant—a compact with civilization—that truth, and truth alone, will be the measure of guilt.
And those who rush to declare Karmelo Anthony a victim, without regard for the absence of threat, without analysis of force, without a whisper of evidence, commit a greater crime than partisanship.
They commit a betrayal of truth itself.
Likewise, those who condemned Daniel Penny as a killer—long before knowing what occurred, long before witnesses had spoken, long before jurors had deliberated—were not acting in justice.
They were acting in vengeance.
But vengeance is not justice.
Vengeance is what justice restrains.
And unless we restore that restraint, unless we revive that patience, we will soon find ourselves in a world not governed by laws, but by narratives—by emotional mobs whose morality lasts only as long as a headline.
And that is not justice.
That is collapse.
Final Reflection
The right to self-defense is not a loophole. It is not a talking point. It is not a cultural cudgel to be used or dismissed depending on who holds the knife or who dies in the altercation.
It is a moral discipline.
It is a civic responsibility.
It is a last resort entrusted to the hands of those who understand what force is and why it must be restrained.
Daniel Penny understood that. He acted reluctantly, in duress, with presence of mind and proportion. He did not reach for a weapon. He did not chase. He did not escalate. He responded, not in fury, but in duty. He passed the moral test that civilization demands of every protector.
Unless overwhelming new evidence emerges, Karmelo Anthony appears to have failed that test. Not just legally—but morally. Not just tactically—but spiritually. He reached for force when force was not necessary. He reached for death in a moment that demanded retreat. He acted not as a man protecting life—but as one intoxicated by the illusion that self-defense means doing whatever you want, so long as you say the right words after.
It does not.
Self-defense is not a right for the reckless. It is a burden for the just.
And if we abandon the principles that define it—if we allow politics, identity, and rage to blur the lines between defense and aggression—we will lose more than cases.
We will lose civilization itself.
Because what separates civilization from savagery is not the presence of law, but the presence of people willing to obey it, even when chaos knocks.
We must know the difference.
We must insist on the difference.
And we must be willing to say—firmly, clearly, and unapologetically—that the rule of law still matters, even when the mob demands a sacrifice.
Let justice proceed.
Let it be deliberate.
Let it be fearless.
Let it be worthy of the civilization we hope to preserve.
Thank you for sharing this Sherry! I always appreciate when others view something valuable enough in my work to share it with their audience!
Conducted the legal analysis of Anthony’s case under Texas law here: https://open.substack.com/pub/theclaphamomnibus/p/the-austin-metcalf-murder-tim-pool?r=4kzb59&utm_medium=ios